Conjugate Orthographic Projection Exercises by the European Drawing Method

The book titled "Orthographic Projection Exercises with the European Drawing Method," meticulously prepared by Prof. Dr. Fehmi Kızıl, has been published by YEM Publications. It aims to assist architecture, interior architecture, and industrial design students, as well as artists, in visualizing shapes in three dimensions and developing their visual intelligence.

Fehmi Kızıl speaks about this meticulous work, which complements his books "Technical Drawing in Architecture" and "Artistic Perspective," essential references in Turkish architectural and design education:
"In this book, prior to starting the orthographic projection exercises, information has been provided to facilitate the comprehension of the exercise questions. This includes explanations of orthographic projection and its epure representation, how to read orthographic projections, the graphic representation of tangent surfaces where no intersection occurs in orthographic projection, rules applied in three-dimensional graphic representation (perspective), the meaning of line types used in orthographic projection drawings, special position planes, and the three basic projections.
In three-dimensional perspective drawings made with parallel projection, even though a reduction ratio is applied to edges parallel to axes other than those at a 90° angle, no reduction ratio was applied to edges parallel to the axes in the perspectives provided in the exercises in this book – this is to facilitate an easier relationship between the object's perspective and its orthographic projection.
In the perspective drawing of objects that do not have edges parallel to the front view direction, the lines parallel to the axes used in creating the perspective are shown with dotted lines; this ensures easier comprehension of the axis parallel to the front view direction and the object's position relative to the front view direction, thereby preventing errors in determining the object's orthographic projections.
The orthographic projection exercise questions are organized into four stages, progressing from easy to difficult. In the first, second, and third stages of the exercise questions, information to assist in answering the questions has been provided. In the supplementary information, 154 objects are given as examples, and 261 objects are used in the exercise questions.
The objects used in the orthographic projection exercises are shapes formed by plane, cylinder, cone, and sphere surfaces, which are easy to understand. The orthographic projection exercise questions are arranged from easily comprehensible shapes to more complex ones.
In the first and second stages of the exercises, questions are included that do not require mental visualization of the object. Instead, by providing the object's three-dimensional graphic representation (perspective) and its front view direction, these questions aim to help in understanding the object's specially positioned planes and identifying its three basic projections (views) from among options.
In the third stage of the exercises, to develop the skill of mentally visualizing the object, participants are asked to correctly select the missing projection from options, given one or two basic projections (views) of the object.
In the fourth stage of the exercises, to develop the skill of mentally visualizing the object, questions are included that require identifying incorrect lines or lines in the object's three basic projections (views).
The solutions to the exercise questions are provided with explanations in the 'Solutions' section."