While the importance and effectiveness of art and education are examined in terms of creativity and the creative mind, the focus has been on two major approaches in the field—education through art and education for art—to facilitate a systematic understanding. Regarding both approaches, the paths followed by art education theories in the Western world according to the needs and certain ideologies of different periods have been discussed; contemporary interdisciplinary cultural and artistic educational projects have been explained with examples, and interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary art education has been debated. Concepts such as art science, science of art education, learning through art, and artistic literacy have been clarified.